I would vote for looking for a pair of Vandersteen model 1 speakers on Craigslist. They usually run about $200-$250, depending on age, condition, whether or not they come with stands, and what other stuff the previous owner might throw in. For amplification, get a new Micca OriGain AD250 amp. $99, 50 watts, you can run USB right in, or RCA analog, or toslink optical. So, you could plug a laptop in and run that via USB. If your turntable has a built-in phono stage and AD converter, then you're golden. For source, mostly I run a Chromecast Audio. With it, you can use your phone to play Spotify (streaming) or digital music you own (off of a hard drive, via Plex software), and run toslink digital audio out to the Micca. It was a great buy at $35, but they don't make them anymore. Another option might be to stream bluetooth audio from your phone to some sort of device that will run that through the Micca. Not a horrible solution as far as convenience, but bluetooth degrades the sound a bit.
Anyway, the Vandersteens are pretty easy to find, and trounce just about anything. Enough bass, very natural sound, great on vocals. They're also floorstanding (the stands that they may come with are good and nice, but not necessary), so it might be easier to find a place for them. I find them handy to put either on either side of a desk, or on either side of a television console.