Ok.
I have this knife:
https://www.ebay.com/itm/NAOZUMI-Gy...m=282062128640&_trksid=p2047675.c100005.m1851
This knife:
http://www.knivesandstones.com/ryusen-blazen-gyuto-240mm-sg2-bz-103/
and this knife:
https://knifewear.com/products/takamura-uchigumo-gyuto-240mm
For a direct comparison:
From $0 - $100
You can buy a knife // it will cut food // you can get it sharp // it will KIIIILLLLLL (Forged.I.F ref)
Jumping from $100-$400
Difference: metal in tang is more even// Bolster is more refined// Pins in scales are actually flush to the scales// choil is eased// handle to blade attachment is more seamless// handle to blade attachment is actually straight // Grind is better// out of box edge is better// final grind marks on side of blade are better// overall appearance, overall build quality is higher // also generally at the higher price points the consistency is better, so heat treat is more likely to be on point as opposed to lower end knives, that may or may not have top tier heat treat // lower end knives may or may not have over grinds // lower end knives may or may not have other issues, where when a knife is more expensive the manufacture will spend more time with quality control.
Jumping $400-800
Damascus cladding // deep etch // perfect choil // perfect grind // perfect tang // perfect blade attachment // perfectly straight --- and if i buy another 10 for my nearest friends they will all be impressively similar.
I have sukenari
Ginsan / YXR / ZDP
for that case its all the steel/ Handle and Damascus that makes the price difference.
For honyaki's its the amount of time that is invested / amount of blades that are made that are tossed for defects / and the final level of polish of the knife / and the consistency of the maker between all blades. -- All play factors in every individual knife.
If $150 is your budget, you can probably get a fantastic knife. It wont have the time dedicated to it as a knife thats 10x the price. and that will reflect in build quality in more ways than are visible in a picture.