It does to a certain extent, but not truly and you run the risk of spoiling a expensive cut of meat. You have to monitor things very closely when you just use a fridge. You need to be able to control humidity, and that mean you need to be able to pull humidity out by fan and have it expelled out of the fridge. Additionally, you need air movement inside over the piece of meat so you need to add a fan inside the fridge as well. The purpose built boxes are expensive for that very reason. They have the electronics to monitor when the fan needs to turn on and off as well as being able to move air in and out. Many people have complained about how expensive something like the Steak Locker or DryAger is, but they are much more than just refrigerator units. They are purpose built to move air and humidity as well most have a UV light component to add an additional margin of safety. It not just about keeping things cold.
The SteakAger allows novices to essentially set and forget. It's that easy, you put the meat in and just wait, you don't have to monitor anything and the box has holes and moves air in and out with dedicated fans for air circulation as well as humidity control. It also has a UV light as well. It's actually a pretty good deal if you consider it, and it allows you to experience and get a handle on dry aging meats. It's essentially dummy proof.
If you know what to do and willing to monitor on a regular basis, yes a normal fridge can dry age as well.