There are known exceptions: they've been outlined well already, but I'd add Sukenari as a Sakai-like variation, and many factory knives being rather of the Sakai kind (Zwilling Japan/Miyabi I've seen), or the rather typically-Sanjo longer kind (Misono I've seen).
It's mostly cry-baby: I mean, yeah you'll learn pretty fast of the lingering exceptions, but really longer/shorter can come both ways: good or bad. Like anything else of a blade, it really comes down to the making, and the sought equilibrium, which often times exotic aftermarket handles just destroy.
But really? If the equilibrium is thoughtful, and if you didn't immediately take the ruler to the knife, at least Gyutos of each categories will in the end pretty much feel like what they're called at.
My beef is rather with shorter knives. A 165mm Nakiri that is really 153mm? A 180mm Santoku that is 167mm? And worst of it being, there you can't always count on "Gyuto exceptions" keeping where they are. Many Sanjo Nakiris/Santokus/Bunkas are quite shorter than specs, for instance. Sukenari tend to match more closely. Sakai are still usually following their rule, but it might scale down to closer to 5 under, or almost a match. That's the total mayhem category where even 5mm can be a blow towards expectations. 10mm in those shorter lengths entirely destroy the category they're supposed to be in. For Gyutos beyond 200mm, it doesn't pose such a threat as long as you're aware of the usual tendencies, and even if you're not, it will probably work very well where it's at despite 10mm +/-.
However for blade width, I see a different calculation of causalities. Even 1mm narrower can feel close to a disaster. 2-3mm wider is usually mostly welcomed, especially in those quantities where it's a lottery and you're hoping for a score, like with TF. 50mm wide for a 210mm is customary, but 47-48 is not altogether rare, nor 52-53mm, but any mm below 50 will feel much more dramatic than any mm above. It becomes more critical for the quite standardized 210-46 and 240-50 kind of blades. These guys are already flirting the too-narrow place to start with. 1mm less is already way too much.